Daily life in medieval Japan (1185-1606 CE) was, for most people, the age-old struggle to put food on the table, build a family, stay healthy, and try to enjoy the finer things in life whenever possible. Other products obtained in the highlands included rye, wheat, morel, silk and livestock raising (horses and cows). The earliest pieces of po… The country however, has no natural energy resources and is the world's largest importer of oil, coal and liquefied natural gas. At sites such as Usujiri B and Hamanasuno, in southwestern Hokkaido, small wild grains were harvested, as were fleshy fruits and nuts; as a result of human activity, the productivity of fruit- and nut-bearing trees was especially high near Jōmon communities. The agriculture scene of South India was equally bright in Ancient India. This is official homepage of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.We inform you about the effect of The Great East Japan Earthquake or radioactivity materials by The Accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The Imperial Agricultural Association was at the peak of a three tier structure of national-prefectural-local system of agricultural cooperatives. The tropical Ryūkyū Islands with their limited cultivatable area had a largely subsistence agriculture based on rice, sweet potatoes, sugar cane and fruits. Agriculture, farming, and fishing form the primary sector of industry of the Japanese economy together with the Japanese mining industry, but together they account for only 1.3% of gross national product. Populating the Land of Japan . Japanese medieval society was divided into classes based on their economic function. This form of agriculture continued into recent centuries in Hokkaido, where the Ainu people practiced a mixed economy of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and the gathering of wild plant foods. By the start of World War I, they occupied 70 percent of market stalls. In the case of ancient Japan, we know a lot about their lives since so much of the… Japan is the third largest economy in the world after the USA and China. Farmed land in 1937 was 14,940,000 acres (60,460 km²), which represented 15.8% of the total Japanese surface area, compared with 10,615,000 acres (42,957 km²) or 40% in Ohio (USA), or 12,881,000 acres (52,128 km²) or 21% in England. Soil samples from the Sakushu-Kotoni River site in Sapporo dating to 1300–1100 bp contain the largest collection of cultigen remains yet recovered in Japan. Other crops grown in Japan include soybeans, wheat, barley, and a large variety of fruit and vegetables. Japanese cultivated land was mostly dedicated to rice, which accounted for 15% of world rice production in 1937. Only 20% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, and the agricultural economy is highly subsidized. This was the setting in which the Jomon periodflourished in its early stages. Abaca farming exceeded sugar cane cultivation in area but not in value. This is official homepage of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.We inform you about the effect of The Great East Japan Earthquake or radioactivity materials by The Accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The oldest pottery in the world is found in Japan, China, and eastern Siberia and is associated with radiocarbon dates of about 13,800–13,000 bp. Virtually all of the country’s own petroleum and natural gas production comes from Niigata prefecture, in north-central Honshu. And war led soldiers to murder innocent bystanders in droves. This situation was worsened by the deflationary Matsukata Fiscal Policy of 1881-1885, which severely depressed rice prices, leading to further bankruptcies, and even to large scale rural uprisings against the government. Soil samples from the Sakushu-Kotoni River site in Sapporo dating to … Wet Rice Agriculture. Agriculture exists in every part of Japan, but is especially important on the northern island of Hokkaido, which accounts for 10% of national production. Samurai groups and farming villages. Japan's most important agricultural product, rice, is grown in all regions of the country.In addition, high-quality Japanese fruits and meats have been gaining international fame. On the northern frontier, people experimented with paddy agriculture, but any success they met was short-lived, and dry-field production eventually became the system of choice. Under these harsh conditions, agriculture suffered from high rates of field abandonment and poor technological development. But a growing sustainable agricultural movement, coupled with concerns about the impact of global warming, has led to a resurgence of interest in the processes and struggles of the original inventors and innovators of farming, some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. This is a list of agriculture gods and goddesses, gods whose tutelary specialty was agriculture, either of agriculture in general or of one or more specialties within the field.Each god's culture or religion of origin is listed; a god revered in multiple contexts are listed with the one in which he originated. Prior to the Pacific War there was a small Japanese settlement in Davao at the south of Mindanao Island which worked with Japanese private companies to cultivate abacá for Manila hemp. From the Jomon Period thousands of years ago to the current Reiwa Era, the island nation of Japan has grown into an influential global power. Lacquer production was under way in northern Japan by 9000 bp, suggesting the so-called varnish tree (Rhus verniciflua) was being managed. In Japan, this led to the rise in sea levels that covered the last land bridges connecting the island with the Asian continent, as well as the enrichment of marine fauna and the growth of new forests. Open-field system; Plows and plowing Of the features common to Neolithic cultures throughout the world—progress from chipped tools to polished tools, the manufacture of pottery, the beginnings of agriculture and pasturage, the development of weaving, and the erection of monuments using massive stones—the first two are prominent features of the Jōmon period, but the remaining three did not appear until the succeeding Yayoi period. The economic history of Japan is most studied for the spectacular social and economic growth in the 1800s after the Meiji Restoration.It became the first non-Western great power, and expanded steadily until its defeat in the Second World War.When Japan recovered from devastation to become the world's second largest economy behind the United States, and from 2010 behind China as well. As they became more settled they started their own farms and eventually became prolific … The farmers of the Indus Valley grew peas, sesame, and dates. At the end of the Jomon Period, from around 400 BCE (or even earlier), Japan's first foreign contact was in the form of migrants who began to arrive from continental Asia, especially the Korean peninsula, probably driven by the wars caused by Chinese expansion and between rival kingdoms. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Small scale farming was developed in the south, were land was suitable for potatoes, oats, rye, forage, and vegetables. Population densities were within the range of what might be expected for agriculturalists, suggesting that these Japanese peoples were living lives similar to those led by early Chinese agriculturists a few millennia before. The dairy industry was important, as was the raising of horses for use by the Imperial Japanese Army cavalry. After the Rice Riots of 1918, many peasants came under the influence of the urban labor movement with socialist, communist and/or agrarian ideas, which created serious political issues. Of the features common to Neolithic cultures throughout the world—progress from chipped tools to polished tools, the manufacture of pottery, the beginnings of agriculture and pasturage, the development of weaving, and the erection of monuments using massive stones—the first two are prominent features of the Jōmon period, but the remaining three did not appear until the succeeding Yayoi period. Furthermore, dishes for such occasions were for Hare days only, and they were not used on a daily basis. They wove textiles, lived in permanent farming villages, and constructed buildings with wood and stone. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Improvements in agriculture in the West: 200, Developments in power: the internal-combustion engine. As the Yayoi population increased, the society became more stratified and complex. The early Jōmon were managing various plant resources and so are probably best described as food producers rather than strictly hunters and gatherers. This form of agriculture continued into recent centuries in Hokkaido, where the Ainu people practiced a mixed economy of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and the gathering of wild plant foods. The equatorial tropical conditions of the South Seas Mandate islands supported farming of coconuts, taro, sweet potatoes, tapioca, bananas, pineapples and rice, for local use and export. By the 1930s, the growth of the urban economy and flight of farmers to the cities gradually weakened the hold of the landlords. The long and tumultuous history of Japan, believed to have begun as far back as the prehistoric era, can be divided into distinct periods and eras. Camphor wood was collected from forests or plantations under a government-monopoly (the "Formosa Manufacturing Company" from 1899). They brought with them new pottery, bronze, iron, and improved metalworking techniques which produced more efficient farming tools an… Japan’s reserves of petroleum are meager and must be supplemented with imported oil, mostly from the Middle East. The land that makes up the current Japanese archipelago has been inhabited for at least 30,000 years, and possibly even as many as 200,000 years. than the general population. The intense culture, fertilizers and scientific development, raised the yield to 43 bushels per acre (2.89 t/ha) in 1936. Early Japan bore witness to rural rice settlements, loyalty to a centralist court, as well as the expansion of Kyoto, its ancient capital. Cash crops included fruits and tea and jute & ramie. Historically, Japan was predominantly agricultural, but with the remarkably rapid growth of its economy after the Second World War, the country has been transformed into a heavily industrialized society. Ladejinski, W. "Japan's Food Self-sufficiency", Foreign Agriculture, IV,(1940), p. 355–376. Increasing tenant farmer disputes and issues with landlordism also led to increasing government regulation. On Hare days, food and drinks such as mochi (rice cakes), sekihan (glutinous rice cooked with azuki beans), white rice, fish with the head and the tail, and Japanese rice wine were consumed. This wheat would have been useful in southern Japan, Korea, and southern China, all of which are monsoonal regions that are frequently exposed to typhoons at harvest time. The interwar years also saw the rapid introduction of mechanized agriculture, and the supplementation of natural animal fertilizers with chemical fertilizers and imported phosphates. Due to subtropical conditions, Shikoku and Kyūshū islands were dominated by traditional rice and sweet potato crops. In some cases, however, we have enough information to understand how people lived long ago. By 3000–2500 bp, social and technological changes seen at least 500 years earlier in Korea were reaching the southern Japanese archipelago. The first millennium of the Neolithic period coincided with a global climatic warming that reached its peak between the years 8000 and 4000 BC. Warrior-landlords lived in farming villages and supervised peasant labour or themselves carried on agriculture, while the central civil aristocracy and the temples and shrines held huge public lands ( kokugaryō) and private estates in … Only 7% of Karafuto was arable. Facts about Ancient Japan 2: Yayoi Period. In the early Meiji period, landowners collected a high rate of rent in kind, rather than cash and consequently played a major role in the development of agriculture, since the tenant farmers found it difficult to obtain capital. It is mainly used as a spice. One of the most important technologies in this time period were the knowledge of wet rice paddies, it has improved life conditions and eventually gave birth to national currency in japan, this method of agriculture even in primitive forms were all possible because of irrigation technology which guaranteed more success in crops. It was dissolved after World War II. Although Japan had only 16% of its land area under cultivation before the Pacific War, over 45% of households made a living from farming. Most early Japanese immigrants to the Pacific Northwest came to work in the labor-intensive industries of timber, railroad construction, fish processing, and agriculture. The farms were 3.5 to 4 acres (14,000 to 16,000 m²), for rice, potatoes, rice, and rye. Farmer households numbered 2,000,000 and the government mentioned the possibility to establish another 1,000,000. Agriculture exists in every part of Japan, but is especially important on the northern island of Hokkaido, which accounts for 10% of national production. With a large ethnic Chinese population, agricultural methods and products in Taiwan were in the Chinese-style, with rice cultivation and sweet potatoes dominating. The Japanese feudal system began to take shape under the Kamakura bakufu, though it remained only inchoate during the Kamakura period. Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100) ; Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars.Net means after deduction of feed and seed. Agriculture in the Empire of Japan was an important component of the pre-war Japanese economy. (The cultivated land was 2,116,174 acres (8,563.85 km²) at a density of 1,576 inhabitants per square mile in 1937. In some parts of southern Japan, the subtropical climate favored a double harvest. Curiously, the merchants were considered socially inferior to fa… With the growth of the wartime economy, the government recognized that landlordism was an impediment to increased agricultural productivity, and took steps to increase control over the rural sector through the formation of the Central Agricultural Association (中央農会, Chuo Nokai) in 1943, which was a compulsory organization under the wartime command economy to force the implementation of government farming policies. The central government gave strong emphasis on development of the sugar cane industry, and Taiwan satisfied 42% of the crude sugar demand of Japan. The proportion of farmed land rose from 11.8% in 1887 to 13.7% in 1902, and 14.4% in 1912 to 15.7% in 1919. In this period, people work as fishers, hunters, and gatherers. The livestock raising was quite important. Populating the Land of Japan . The consumption of sugar in Japan grew from 15 lb (7 kg) in 1918 to 30 lb (14 kg) in 1928. Jomon period or era’s pottery runs during 13000 BC to 300 BC. Stone tools, inhabitation sites, and human fossils from this period have been found throughout all the islands of Japan. Ecological degradation of central Japan led to an increased incidence of drought and soil erosion. Yayoi crops were not entirely new to northeastern Japan; the region’s oldest directly dated rice, foxtail millet, and broomcorn millet are from Final Jōmon contexts (2900 bp) at the Kazahari site in Aomori prefecture. In the south the Yayoi culture moved mainly through migration, but in the north Jōmon people appear to have adopted aspects of Yayoi life, including intensive agriculture. Agricultural Regions of Asia, Part VII, The Japanese Empire", Economic Geography, X,(1934), p. 323–347;X, (1935), p. 33–52, 130–147. King, F. H. "Farmers of Forty Centuries", New York, Ed Harcourt (1926). agriculture (nogaku) in ancient japan, as it remains today, was largely focussed on cereal & vegetable production. The sparsely populated Chishima Islands had an inclement climate for anything other than small-scale agriculture; the economy was based the fishing, whaling, and harvest of furs and reindeer meat. Another duty of the organization was to secure food supply to local markets and the military. Central Honshū cultivated rice and special products including white mulberry (for silkworms) in Suwa, tea, (in Shizuoka), daikon in Aichi, and also rye, rice, grapes for wine, etc. Agriculture was well established throughout most of the subcontinent by 6000–5000 bp. At the same time, many parts of Japanese agriculture … Gradually, with the development of cash crops to supplement the mainstay of rice, and the growth of capitalism in general from the turn of the twentieth century onwards, agricultural cooperatives and the government took over the role by providing farm subsidies, loans, and education in new agricultural techniques. The name Jōmon, meaning "cord-marked", was first applied by the American scholar Edward S. Morse who discovered shards of pottery in 1877. Despite efforts to cultivate rice on about 60% of the arable land in the territory, climate and soils were not favorable and yields were low. Garlic crop cultivation is one of the most important bulb crop cultivations. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. After the end of the Tokugawa shogunate with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japanese agriculture was dominated by a tenant farming system. Agriculture in the Empire of Japan was an important component of the pre-war Japanese economy. Rice is by far the most important crop in Japan and planted on the best agricultural land. These included paddy agriculture, bronze, and iron; the transformation produced the Yayoi culture. Dawson, O. L. & Ladejinski, W. "Recent Japanese Agricultural Policies", Foreign Agriculture　III, (1939),　p. 263–274. As tenants were forced to pay over half their crop as rent, they were often forced to send wives and daughters to textile mills or to sell daughters into prostitution to pay for taxes. Food ( shokumotsu ) could have its own gods. Facts about Ancient Japan 1: Jomon Period. Ancient farming techniques have all but been replaced by modern mechanized farming in many places around the world. It was established in 1910, and provided assistance to individual cooperatives through transmission of agricultural research and facilitating the sales of farm products. There were 5,374,897 farmers at an average 2.67 acres (11,000 m²) per family, in comparison with any American farmer family with 155 acres (627,000 m²). Japan was was badly affected by the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster in 2011, there are many coal plants currently under construction in Japan. These cooperatives served in rural areas as credit unions, purchasing cooperatives and assisted in the marketing and sales of farm products. The central government also placed strong emphasis on the development of forestry products. Crops included rice, millet, wheat, barley, soybeans, adzuki beans, hops, bottle gourds, peaches, and persimmons. The Jōmon period of prehistoric Japan spans from roughly 13,000 BC to about 1,000 BC. 25% was sent to the USA. In Bellevue, the Japanese cleared and settled hundreds of acres of … Although Japan had only 16% of its land area under cultivation before the Pacific War, over 45% of households made a living from farming. During the 5th millennium bp, in the alluvial plains of the Indus River in Pakistan, the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa experienced an apparent explosion of an organized, sophisticated urban culture. Karafuto likewise had a severe climate made cultivation difficult, along with unsuitable podzolic soils. They also accumulated wealth through land ownership and the storage of grain. Ancient Indian Agriculture in Indus Valley Civilization Indus Valley civilization relied on the considerable technological achievements of the pre-Harappan culture, including the plough. Other crops included oats, potatoes, vegetables, rye and wheat as well as extensive horticulture. Rice was cultivated in the Indus Valley Civilization. Because of this, agriculture has been the basis of most economic activity over the last 2,000 years. By about the same time, they had developed an elaborate culture characterized by ornate pottery, an extensive stone tool kit, and probably social ranking. Jomon Period: ~10,000 BCE- By the end of the Meiji period, over 67% of all peasant families were driven into tenancy, and farm productivity stagnated. The wheat grown in Japan until at least the 16th century had the smallest grains ever reported for wheat. Semple, Hellen C. "Influence of Geographical Conditions upon Japanese Agriculture", Geographical Journal XL, (1912), p. 589–607. Land in Japan has distinctive characteristics which make it suitable for organic produce. Japanese cultivated land was mostly dedicated to rice, which accounted for 15% of world rice production in 1937. Northern Honshū produced 75% of apples of Japan; other products included cherries and horses. Based on archaeological evidence, they also agree that by between 35,000 and 30,000 B.C. Penrose, E. F. "Food Supply and Raw Materials in Japan", Chicago, Chicago University Press, (1929). Japan was inhabited by a predominantly hunter-gatherer culture that reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity. The sugar cane industry was given strong emphasis by the central government, with principal sugar in Saipan and Palau. The small number of rice grains found at northern sites suggests that rice was not locally grown but imported. Chinese crops such as hemp, foxtail and broomcorn millets, and rice were in Japan by 3,000 years ago; at about the same time, earthworks associated with cemeteries began to become common in the north. A history of support and protection have resulted in a sector that many feel is uncompetitive and ill-equipped to participate on a level playing field, either with other sectors of the economy or internationally. The Roman epoch: 200 bce to 600 ce. At the top was the warrior class of samurai or bushi (which had its own internal distinctions based on the feudal relationship between lord and vassal), the land-owning aristocrats, priests, farmers and peasants (who paid a land tax to the landowners or the state), artisans and merchants. Homo sapiens had migrated to the islands from eastern and southeastern Asia and had well-established patterns of hunting and gathering and stone toolmaking. The Itazuke site has evidence of well-engineered drainage systems that were used to maintain paddy fields, and ditches and earthworks served as defensive structures around this and other densely populated communities. By 4000 bp seeds of wild barnyard grass increased in size and became indistinguishable from those of its domesticated descendant, barnyard millet, in southwestern Hokkaido sites; this indicates that the Jōmon domesticated at least one plant. Japan; The Indian subcontinent. By 1937, 10,811 families were cultivating 86,175 acres (348.74 km²), as opposed to 8,755 families cultivating 179.9 km² in 1926. These items were not consumed in everyday life. Japanese consumption of petroleum increased greatly during the boom times of the 1960s. One of the most important technologies in this time period were the knowledge of wet rice paddies, it has improved life conditions and eventually gave birth to national currency in japan, this method of agriculture even in primitive forms were all possible because of irrigation technology which guaranteed more success in crops. By 1300 bp millet, beans, hemp, barley, wheat, and melons were grown in northern Honshu and Hokkaido. Hall,　Robert Burnett." Orchard, Dorothy E. "Agrarian Problems of Modern Japan", Journal of Political Economy XXXVII, (1929), p. 129–149, 285–311. Not only were the Imperial Family of Japan and the zaibatsu major landowners, but until 1928, an income tax requirement severely limited the right to vote, limiting seats in the Diet of Japan only to people of wealth. Stone tools, inhabitation sites, and human fossils from this period have been found throughout all the islands of Japan. Since grain size and plant size are correlated, this wheat plant was also short. Japan's temperate climate, abundant rainfall, and rich alluvial plains near present day Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka favored the development of a traditional agrarian economy. This is a list of agriculture gods and goddesses, gods whose tutelary specialty was agriculture, either of agriculture in general or of one or more specialties within the field.Each god's culture or religion of origin is listed; a god revered in multiple contexts are listed with the one in which he originated. In Japan, archaeologists have established a long unbroken sequence of cultures that spans the period from more than 30,000 years ago to the present. Compact wheat is well adapted to regions that experience high winds and heavy rainfalls at harvest time, because the plants will not lodge (become broken by harsh weather). Other important cereals were wheat, maize, rye, millet barley; with potatoes and some production of soybean. Homo sapiens had migrated to the islands from eastern and southeastern Asia and had well-established patterns of hunting and gathering and stone toolmaking. Villages were established throughout the Japanese archipelago between 13,000 and 11,000 bp. The Tamil people cultivated a wide range of crops such as rice, sugarcane, millets, black pepper, various grains, coconuts, beans, cotton, plantain, tamarind and sandalwood, Jackfruit, coconut, palm, areca and plantain trees etc. These were larger in Hokkaidō and Karafuto and reduced by 2 acres (8,000 m²) in southwest area. Yayoi period is also known as modern era, such as use of metal utensils (iron), agriculture (rice cultivation), and social classes in 300 BC to 300 AD. This fell to 15.4% in 1929. What would you do if you wanted to go back even further and find out what life was like 200 or 300 or even 1000 years ago? Japanese truck farmers sold their produce at the Pike Place Market beginning in 1912, five years after the market was founded. During this period Japan transitioned to a settled agricultural society. This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 19:18. This organization was of vital importance after nationwide markets were consolidated under government control in the aftermath of the Rice Riots of 1918 and increasing economic crisis from the late 1920s. Sisal was also exported to the USA and Japan. Through government policies, capable farmers from Hokkaidō and northern Honshū received 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) to 25 acres (100,000 m2) of land and a house to settle in Karafuto, and thus the amount of land under cultivation and the Japanese population rose steadily through the 1920s and 1930s. Hokkaidō was a target area for agricultural development since the start of the Meiji period, with the establishment of the Hokkaidō colonization Office, and with the assistance of numerous foreign advisors who introduced new crops and new agricultural techniques. Rainfall-based agriculture likely included broadcast sowing and the use of wooden spades with iron bits. The Yayoi transformation expanded toward the northeast, and by 2100 bp all but Hokkaido, the northernmost prefecture, was part of the Yayoi world. Early historic period; The Mughal century (c. 1600 ce) Southeast Asia; Improvements in agriculture in the West: 200 bce to 1600 ce. The Yayoi are known for metallurgy, intensive agriculture, and more-centralized sociopolitical organization. China, the much older state and the more developed, passed on to Japan (sometimes indirectly via Korea) a long list of ideas including rice cultivation, writing, Buddhism, centralised government models, civil service examinations, temple architecture, clothing, art, … Agricultural advances. Ladejinski, W. "Agrarian Unrest in Japan" Foreign Affairs XVI (1939), p. 426–433. The Meiji government based its industrialization program on tax revenues from private land ownership, and the Land Tax Reform of 1873 increased the process of landlordism, with many farmers having their land confiscated due to inability to pay the new taxes. The farm; Farm implements; Cropping systems; Harvesting and processing; Livestock; The medieval period: 600 to 1600 ce. Extensive settlements in East Asia appear first in Japan at the beginning of the Jōmon period; the Uenohara site, in Kyushu, an Initial Jōmon pit-house community, dates to 11,000–8000 bp. Japan's topography has played an important role in shaping Japan's traditional culture and early history. The first agricultural cooperatives were established in 1900, after their creation was debated in the Diet of Japan by Shinagawa Yajirō and Hirata Tosuke as a means of modernizing Japanese agriculture and adapting it to a cash economy. However, the very limited cultivable land area of the South Seas Mandate meant that fishing and whaling remained more economically important. Based on archaeological evidence, they also agree that by between 35,000 and 30,000 B.C. Hokkaidō farms averaged 11 acres (48,000 m²), more than four times others in Japan. In 1922, the Nihon Nomin Kumiai (Japan Farmer's Union) was formed for collective bargaining for cultivator rights and reduced rents. Ancient South Indian Agriculture. Farming experiments with rice were partially successful. Have you heard stories from your parents about their experiences growing up, or even stories from your grandparents about life 50 years ago? This was the main center of cultivation in the region, with farming of sugar cane, pineapple, bananas, sweet potato and other tropical crops. Dotaku Bronze Bell in the Yayoi … Learn how and when to remove this template message, Empire of Japan (foreign commerce and shipping), Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office, Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, German pre–World War II industrial co-operation, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Japanese dissidence in 20th-century Imperial Japan, Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan Association of Corporate Executives, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_the_Empire_of_Japan&oldid=1003172683, Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2020, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

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